Automatic absorption refrigerating system.



APPLICATION FILED JULY 20. 1907.

Patented Dec. 13,1910.

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Qmi bweooao G. P. CARROLL.

AUTOMATIC ABSORPTION REPRIGERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1907.

978,557. V Patented Dec. 13, 1910.

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AUTOMATIG ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 20. 1907.

978,557, Patented Dec. 13,1910.

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AUTOMATIC ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1907- Patented Dec. 13,1910.

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\APPLIQATION TILED JULY 20. 1907.

Patented Dec. 13, 1910.

9 BHEETBHH EET 6.

G. P. CARROLL.

AUTOMATIC ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 20. 1907. I

Patented Dec. 13,1910.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

G. P. CARROLL.

AUTOMATIC ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING SYSTEM.

' APPLICATION FILED JULY 20. 1907. 978,557, Patented Dec. 13, 1910.

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AUTOMATIC ABSORPTION REPRIGERATING SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 20, 1907.

978,557. Patented Dec. 13,1910.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

W/TNESSES INVENTOH Q km W,

amem/zaw WKM GEORGE P. CARROLL, OF BRIDGEPORT,

connections.

AUTOMATIC ABSORPTION REFRI EGERATING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 13, 1910.

- Application filed July 20, 1907. Serial No. 384,695.

To all whom it may concern: a

Be it known thatI, GEORGE P. CARROLL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Automatic Absorption Refri erating System, of which the following 1s a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in .absor'ptlon refrigeratlng systems,

each of a plurahty of receptacles used successlvely as stills and absorbers, for automatically controlling the expansion and condenser valves, and for automatically maintaining a substantially uniform temperature in the refrigerator box. Preferably the system is throughout electrically actuated and is electrically heated. As in all refrigerating systems of the absorption type, the system is constructed to contain and use one substance as a refrigerant and another substance as an absorbent of the refrigerant.

Vhile other materials may be used, I prefer to employ ammonia as the refrigerant and Water asthe absorbent; and, as these substances are most commonly used in absorption systems, they will be hereinafter referred to as typical of all.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of my invention showing the operative relations of the various parts. Fig.

2 is a vertical section of a moisture separa-' tor and absorber-stills with connections and an elevation of a shifting device shown in the preceding figure, all these parts being intended to be secured in practice fiatwise against the right side of a refrigerator there shown diagrammatically. Fig. 3' is a front elevation of the shifting device shown in the preceding figure, with the movable arts in adifferent position. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the structure shown in the preceding figure through the line 4-4 looking towar the left. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the same structure through the line 5 5 lookin toward the right. Fig: 6 is a from-term section of a three-way valve.

. throng Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the same valve through the line 77 of the preceding figure looking toward the left. Flg. 8 is a partial elevation and partial vertical section of an equalizing valve. Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the same valve through the line 99 of the preceding figure looking toward the left.

ig.-10 tical section of a modification of. the same valve. Fig. 11 is a thermostat in front elevation and part of its connected absorberstill in section. Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the same thermostat. Fig. 13 is a horizontal section of the same thermostat and a to) view of part of its connected absorberst1l as seen through the line 13-13 of the same figure. Fig. 14 is a side elevation of an enlarged contact plate, showing the position at rest of its contact arm and below the late. Fig. 15 is a thermostat in front elevation and part of its connected is a front elevation and partial ver-' both above refrigerator in section. Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the structure of the preceding figure. Fig. 17 is a side elevation of an enlarged contact plate showing the position at rest of its contact arm both below and above'the plate. Fig. 18 is a horizontal section of the thermostat of the same figure as seen through the line 18-18. Fig. 19 is a back elevation of the same enlarged contact plate with its adjacent supporting arm, showing the position at rest of its contact arm both below and above the plate. Fig. 20 is a partial vertical section and partial front elevation of an automatic expansion valve. Fig. 21 is a side elevation of a switch and connected parts. Fig. 22 is a top view of the valve structure. ig. 23 is a horizontal section of the valve shown in Fig. 20

the line 23-23' looking from beneath. Fig. 24 is a partial vertical section and partial front elevation of an automatic water valve. Fig. 25 is a horizontal section of the same structure as seen through the line 2525. Fig. 26 is an alternative construction of a part of what is-shown in %he system may be used to refrigerate inclosures of indefinitely, large size; but'n's it is especially intended for small compartments, the drawings and description. are made more appropriate to an ordinary domestic refri orator. An expansion coil K is'convolute in the up er compartment of refrigerator B as inward Beau;

is a decline from its entrance into the r ends.

a short pi air, provi ed with a charging valve 6. The

side of the refrigerator near heated gas as it ascends,

frigerator all the way into the absorber-stil to be described. The coil may refrigerate the air directly or may cool brine in a tank. The latter method permits of a longer shutting down between the times of operation.

The outlet end of the coil emerges from the refrigerator, being intermediately provided with a low pressure gage fL, and leads into an inlet header '1- having two check valves 2 and 2", to prevent the return' of the gas, whence two pipes 3 and 3 pass into two upright cylindrically shaped absorber stills A and A", traversing them centrally for most of their height'and terminating a little above two electrical heaters 4* and 4:", preferably placed inside and near their lower l These electrical heaters are of a well known type that can be used equally well with a direct 'or with an alternating current. Their insulation is such as to be unaffected by aqua ammonia. Between the gage L and the inlet header 1 is placed a stop valve 5 and between theistop valve and the header is placed a tee, from which e proceeds upward into the outer absorber-stills may be secured say to the right the floor by means of a suit-able bracket. From the top of each absorber-still proceeds upward a pipe/T and 7 into an outlet header 8, pro: vided at each end on the under side with check valves 9 and 9? to prevent the return of gas. 'From the outlet header a connection leads upward into a moisture separator M, preferably consisting of an analyzer Z and a rectifier R immediately abovethe analyzer, both of which are made narrow and are fastened flatwise against the side of the refrigerator above the absorber-stills.

The analyzer is an inclosed tank provided with any approvedform of battle plates 10 so arranged as to retard the impinging thereby separating from the gas the entrained moisture and allowing it to drain back into the outlet header as a still.

'the rectifier,

and into whichever absorber-still is in action From the analyzer, leading into is an upwardly ascending zigzag pipe 11, inclosed in the rectifier, which may consist of a tank and the ascending pipe with their connections.

Considered in connection with the absorber-stills, the -moisture separator M is a part'of means for expelling absorbed gas; but considered in connection with the condenser, to be described, it is'a part of the means for condensing the expelled gas. I From the rectifier a pipe 12 asses above or preferably back-ofthe re rigerator to a condenser C. At the top of the gas pipe system v just after leaving the rectifier is.

from dpposite sides It is.

placed a tee,

valve W.

of the absorber-stlll.

placed in the pipe a stop valve 13 and -be tween the sto valve and the rectifier is rom which a short pipe pro-. ceeds'into the outer air, provided with a purge valve 14:. Thecondenser may consist of a narrow tank containing a pipe 15 zigzag'ging downward, w' the tank being intended to be secured to the left side of the refrigerator and thus opposite the absorber-stills. A branch pipe 16, provided with a stop valve 17 leadsfrom the pipe 12 and has a branch leading to a high pressure gage H.v The lower part of thecondenser pipe is intended to serve as a container for the condensed and liquefied ammonia so as to dispense with a separate vessel. Fromthe lower end ofthe pipe 15 a liquid ipe v18., which may be smaller, passes out pansion valve E. The expansion coil Kleads from the valve E; and in ractice this valve is placed close to the refrigerator with only a short length of pipe leading into it. tween the tank and the valve E is placed a hand valve 19; and from between the valve 19 and the valve E a branch pipe leads into the outer air, in which is placed a vacuum valve 20. a

From a source of cool a pipe 21, provided with a hand valve 22 and beyond that with an automatic water Beyondthe valve W the pipe 21 branches. One branch pipe 23 is provided with a regulating valve 24, a check valve 25 and a condenser drain valve 26;

top of the condenser a pipe 27 leads to the rectifier R. From the rectifier a waste pipe 28 leads to the sewer. -From the pipe 21 another branch pipe 29', provided with alOB regulating valve 30, leads 'to a three-way valve Y, bolted to the casing of a shifting device D, which is in'tendedto be bolted to the right side of the refrigerator in any convenient place. From the valve Y one 110 sub-branch pipe 31 leads into the absorberstill A at a .distance say two-thirds of the way from the bottom, enspirals the pipe 3 downwardly, and asses out of the bottom another sub-branch pipe 31 leads to the absorber-still A also saytwo-thirds of'the way from the bottom, enspirals the pipe 3 downwardly, and asses. out of the bottom of the absorber-still. The pipes 31 and 120 31 may-unite in a vided witha stop valve 33 and leads into pipe 32, Whlcll is prothewaste pipe" 28. In practice-it is better not to have the pi'pes 31 and 31 unite at their exits from the absorber-stills; provide each with a separate stop valve, and to let. them flow into the open so that the quantities of their respective discharges can be seen and re ulated.

A feed wire 34 water supply leads a it leads to the bottom of the condenser C. From the From. the valve Y but to 12,5

rom a source of electric and the points 35 and 41. From the point 35 a heating wire 42 branches to contacts 43 a'nd43". From a contact 44, insulated from the contact 43, a branch heating wire 45 leads toithe heater 4 and thence to the point 41. From a contact 44, insulated from the contact 43*, a branch heating wire 45 leads to the heater 4and thence unites with the wire 45 to the point 41. All four contacts are arcs of a common circle and are secured to but are insulated from the casing. of the shifting device D.

A boss 46 having an axial bore is secured to the front of the casing of the shifting from the sector attheir lower ends.

nect the contacts 43* and 44 device D. Pivoted on. a bolt 47 passing through the bore of the boss and having a suitab e securing nut at its frontend is a lever 48, ending in an upper sector 49 having two contact arms 50' and 50 insulz iltiad 1e upper part of the contact arm 50 isadaptd to make a sliding con'tact with and to connect the contacts 43 and 44. The upper to part of the contact arm"50 is adapte make a sliding contact with and to con- The upper sector '49 on its upper side is in the form of a double detent at the left and right of the axis of the lever 48 and has an engaging .recess in its upper center. The lever 48 just below its pivot is slotted both from'left to right and from its front into the first slot, the second slot being vertical. The lower extremity of the lever ends in a segment gear 51. Spiral springs 52 and 52 secured to the casing tendto 'keep the lever in a vertical position. 7

-' Mounted on the casing of the shifting device D at its extreme top is a solenoid 53, having a core 54 normally depressed by springs 55. YVI en depressed the core 54 is adapted either to engage with the left detent of the sector 49 so as to hold the contact arm 50* in contact with the contacts 43 and 44, as shown in Fig. 3; or to engage with the right detent of the sector so as to hold the contact arm 50' in contact with the contacts 43 and 44"; or to engage with the centralrecess of the sector so as to hold the lever 48 vertical, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

- From the point 38 a branch line 58 passes through points 59, 60 and 61 to a point 62. From the point 61 a branch line 63 passes to and through the solenoid 53 through a point- 64 to a point 65.

Also mounted on the casing of the shift 'ing device D are two solenoids 66v and 66",

both horizontal and secured respectively on the left and right'of the lever 48. The solenoid 66 has a core 67 and the solenoid 66 has a core 67 A link 68, joining'the cores, passes from left to right through the corresponding slot in the lever 48 and has a pin 69 projecting through the front slot of the lever. From the point 60 a branch line 70 passes and divides into two branches passing through the solenoids 66 and 669mspectively and leading to contacts 71 and journaled in'the. back part of the casing and assing out through a disk cover 75 inclosmg the plug in the casing. The center of the cover is a cylindrical boss with an axial bore. Rotating somewhat loosely on this boss and meshing with the segment gear 51 is a I half gear wheel 76, which has an arm extending radially on the opposite side of its center and having inserted in its outer end a pin .77

projecting frontward. Secured to the outer end of the shaft 74, which is squared for that purpose, is aquadrant' lever 78 having at its lower end on one side of the shaft a quadrant slot 79, in which the pin 77 loosely fits and is free to move, and at its upper end on the opposite side of the shaft a pin 80 projecting frontward. The quadrant lever is also secured to the shaft 74 by a suitable nut.

The parts are so constructed that when the lever. 48 passes to a vertical position from an extreme inclined position as shown in Fig. 3, with the contact arm 5O connecting the contacts 43 and 44 and with the quadrant slot 79 ositioned as there shown, the half gear wiieel 76 is rotated through a quarter circle to the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and the pin 77 moves in the quadrant slot 79 without moving the quadrant lever 78. So when the lever 48 passes to a vertical position from an extreme inclined osition with the coptact arm 50" connectmg the contacts 43 and 44 and with the quadrant slot 79 positioned as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the half gear wheel 76 is rotated through a quarter circle to the position there shown and the pin 77 moves in the quadrant slot 79 without moving the quadrant lever 78. Furthermore the assembling of parts is such that when the quadrant slot 79. is in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the quadrant channel 73 registers with the pipes 29 and 31; but when it is in the position shown in Fig. 3, the quadrant channel 'registers with the 1 in Fig. 6.

pipes 29 and'-31", as shown cross arm with limit pins 84* and 84". projecting' frontward, and has its upper end insulated from its cross arm and adapted to make contact with the contacts 71 and 81 and 71 and 81in alternation. Pivoted on the shaft 82in front of the contact arm 83 is a lever 85 extending downward having a pin 86 at its lower extremity extending frontward. A connectingrod 87 is pivoted at its ends to the front of the in and to the back of the pin 86. I Ie ver and pivoted on the shaft 82, being kept thereon by a suitable nut, is 'a weighted lever 88, having a weight arm extending upward and ending in a small globular weight 89 and a .hollow triangle90 extending. downward. The pin 86 is free to move within the triangleand to engage its upper inner sides in alternation. The outside edge ofthe lower side of the triangle isnearly semicircular except that it has a broad central recess forming a double detent 91.

Mounted on the casing of'the shifting device D below the triangle 90'is a bracket 92 rojecting frontward' and supporting the nserted tops of two vertical rods 93 and 93 enspiraled by springs, 94 and 94 and supported at their bottom by a correspond ing bracket which is "removable. The bracket 92 has a perforated stop boss on :its

, central under side. -Mounted on the same their upward positions'either they have,

as shown in either of the first three figures the top of the core 96 resting in the double detent 91, the cross piece 97 resting againstthe stop boss of the bracket 92 and the springs 94 and 94 supporting the cross piece and bore in position; or else the parts are in the sameupward position but the 6 top of the core 96 engages with the triangle 90 outside of and to the left or right of the In front of the detent 91." Also secured to the casing is a -:dash pot 98 and two insulated and conductingcontact stops 99, and 99?. The dash pot consists of the usual cylinder, with vent/S top and bottom the former vent being con& trolled by a pet cock 100, containing apiston rod 101, with a spring 102 enspiraling the rod and abutting at one end against the outside top of the cylinder and at the'other end against'a. conducting cross piece 103 in ,sulated from the piston .rod and spring.

This latter cross piece at its highest posl tion abuts against the insulated boss of the cross piece 97 and at its lowest position rests on the contact stops 99 and 99.. From the point 59 a line 104 passes to and through the solenoid to a point 105. From the contact 81 a line 106 passes to the stop 99; and from the stop 99 a line 107 passes through a point 108- to the point 40.

An equalizing pipe 109 connects the botf tom of the absorber-stills A and A and is provided midway with a chamber 110 containing an equalizing valve 111-, preferably of the gate valve type. The chamber may be bolted to a casing 112 as in Fig. 8, which itself can be bolted to the side of therefrigerator between the absorberstills. Secured to the casing 112 is a perforated bracket 113 through which a valve stem 114 passes, ending in'a tooth at its upper end for engagement on its under side, passing through a suitable stuffing box in t e chamber 110 and secured at its lower en to the valve. Also secured to the casing 112 is a vertical solenoid 115-and-ahorizontal electro-magnet 116. The core of the solenoid is provided with a horizontal arm 117 per- .forated at its outer end for the passage therethrough of the stem 114, to which the arm is 'adjustably secured by a set screw. A spring 118 en'spirals the stem 1 14 and abuts at its top against the under side of the bracket 113 and at its-bottom against the upper side of the arm 117. 'Pivoted' at its lower end on apin 118*, projecting from the casing'112, is a detent 119, having an armature on its right side adapted: to be acted 1 upon bygthe electro-magnet 116. The detent is o constructed and positioned that it normal y rests against the right side of the -bracket 113 and engages and locks in a lifted position the tooth of the stem 114 whenever the tooth is above the top of the detent; but when the electro-magnet 116 is 120 energized the detent is momentarily'drawn Inserted through the top of the absorberstill A is the lower end of a thermostat 124. This lower end is in the shape of a .fluid has been su aperture in the bottom of the chamber and secured in place by a lock nut 127. J ournaled 1n the upper part of the casing 128' of the thermostat is a shaft 129. The cas- .ing extends to the left in Fig. 11 in an. ex-

tension 130 projecting frontward at its end as a support for an insulated contact plate 131, having its insulated contact in front.

Secured to the shaft 129" in front of the cas-- ing'128 but. insulated from it is contact arm 132*, operative to engage and make contact with the contact of the plate 131 on its way down a d to go back of the plate on its way up. he contact plate is beveled so that the spring contact arm is automatically so contactual and non-cona spring tactual on its descent and ascent respectively Secured to but insulated from'the casing 128 is a'spring contact 133, operative to keep in contact with the arm 132 in whatever position the latter may be. Secured to the shaft 129 back of the casing 128 is a weight arm ending in a small globular weight 134 at its top andhaving two limit arms 135 its right side. Pins 137 and 138*, projecting backward from the casing 128, limit the narrow part rests a collar 142,

secured to the rod 140 by a set screw. A spring 143 enspirals the rod 140 and abuts at its top on the under side of the collar 139 and at its bottom'on the upper side of the collar 142.

. Inserted through the top of the absorberstill A is the lower end of a thermostat 124; it has a contact plate 131, a spring contact arm 132*, a spring contact 133" and all other parts constructed and operative in the same.

way as the corresponding parts of the thermostat 124.

Inserted through the wall of the refrigerator B is the inner end of a thermostat T. This thermostat may be, if preferred, inclosed entirely in the chamber by the temperatures of which it is controlled. The inner end of the thermostat is in the form of a and 136 projecting on detachablychamber narrow and cylindrical at its central part and-adapted for the reciprocation therethrough of a piston fitting rod 144 hav ing at its other extremity a horizontal cross piece 145 extending backward. The inner end of this chamber has a depending enlargement adapted to contain mercury 146 or the same kind of expansible fluids as the other thermostats. After the mercury or other fluid has been supplied from the outer end, its height in the chamber can be re ulated by means of a threaded bolt 147 fitted to an aperture near the bottom of the chamber and secured in place by a lock nut 148. Journaled in the upper part of the casing 149 of the thermostat is a shaft 150. The casing extends to the right in Fig. 15 in an extension 151 projecting frontward at its end as a support for an insulated contact plate 152, having infront insulated contacts 153, 154 and 155 and at back an insulated contact 156. Secured to the" shaft 150 but insulated from it is a spring contact arm 157, operative to engage -and make sliding contact with the contacts 155, 154 and 153 successively on its way up and with the contact 156 on its Way down. The contact plate is beveled so that the spring contact arm is automatically so contactual on its ascent and descent. Secured to but insulated from the casing 149 is a spring contact 158, operative to keep in contact with the arm 157 in whatever position the latter may be. Secured to the shaft 150 back of the casing 149 is a weight arm ending in a small, globular weight 159 atits top and having two limit arms 160 and 161 on the opposite side of the shaft. The. central lines of the arm 157 and of the weight arm 159 are at right angles to each other; and contact is made between the arm 157 and the contact 155, the

latter being so located, before the weight 159 gets past the vertical center of its p1vot in a movement to the left as seen in Fig. 15. Pins'162 and 163, projecting backward from the casing 149, limit the movement of the arm 159. Through the collar 164, made a part of the casing 149, passes the outer end of the rod 144 so that its cross piece 145 is adapted to make engagement with the limit arms 160 and 161 successively. In an outside pocket of the chamber to the right of the narrow part rests a collar 165, detachably secured to the rod 144 by a set screw. A spring 166 enspiralsthe rods 144 and abuts at its outer end against the left side of the collar 164 and at its inner end against the right side of the collar 165. a

From the oint 62 a line 167 passes through the solenoid 115 to the contact 155. From the point 62 a line 168 asses through the electro-magnet 116 and t e point 65 to the contact 154. From the point 105 a line 169 passes to the contact 153. From the spring 171 and 172 to the point 108. From the point 65 a line 173 passes to the spring contact 133; From the contact plate 131 a line 174-passes to the-point 171. From the point 64 a line 17 5 passes to the springcontact 133 From the-contact plate 131 a line 17 (5 passes to the point 17 2;

' In the automatic expansion valve E a lower casing 17 has cast as a part thereof a perforated lateral entrance boss 178 and a perforated outlet into which the expansion coil K is fitted. Superimposed upon it is an upper casing 179 correspondingly flanged so as to hold a diaphragm 180 between the flanges bolted togetherk The diaphragm is so flexible or resilient that at the center it can be moved up or down while its periphery remains stationary. Extending centrally through the diaphragm is a screw 181, its top above the diaphragmbeing' in the form of an annular pocket for receivingthe lower end of a coiled spring 182.- The thrust exerted by the spring is regulated by the elevation or depression above the spring of a collar 183, which is held from turning bya tongue 18 1 fitting into a vertical groove 185. Threaded into the collar 183 is an adjusting screw 186, which extends up through a suitable stufiing box and gland and is provided at its upper end with a wrench section for turning the screw when it is desired to'adjust the thrust ofthe coiled spring 182 upon the diaphragm 180.

Threaded on the screw 181 is a slotted bar 187 it is guided by the wallsof the lower casing, but -fits somewhat loosely therein.

By this loose fit a sufficient space is left so that gas can -pass up betw'een the bar and I gland for the passage of a lever shaft 191.

the casing and impinge against the under side of the diaphragm 180. Threaded into the slot-ted bar 187 and extending upward into its slot is a valve 188, preferably of the conical or needle valve t pe, which is locked in place at its lower en by a lock nut 1 89. Lugs 190 depend from the slotted bar on each side of the lock nut and are horizon- "tally slotted at their lower ends. Near the bottom of the lower casing 177 below the outlet is a recess perforated at the back and provided with a suitable stufiin-g box and The end of the shaft within the recess is ver has a forked extremity near the axis of the lower casing 17 7. each branch carrying 'a pin 193 which is extended'into the corresponding slots of the lugs. 190. A bottom cap 194 is screwed on to the lower end of the lowercasing 177. The upper casing 179 may be supported and fastened .to they leftv side of the refrigerator bya suitable bracket.

An entrance piece 195 rests in the perforation of the lateral entrance boss 178 for a part-of its length so that its inner end. abutsagainst the inner wall of the lower casing 177, preferably'above the outlet. Thls entrancepiece'is preferably a solid rod of comparatively large diameter bored out cenbore, ending in a conical valve seat 197 on I its under si upon which the valve 188' can be seated. The part of the entrance piece projecting inside the casing has its sides and bottom surface plane so as to loosely fit the slot of the bar 187 andsoas to afl'ord a suitable valve seat for the valve 188. The entrance piece may be kept in place by a set screw or may be keyed in place. The liquid pipe 18 entersthe outer end of the lateral entranceboss 178 so as to lead to the bore 196 and is held in place and so as to prevent leakage by a suit-able gland and packing. v

To'the outside end of the lever shaft 191 'is secured an outer'lever 198, extending in a horizontal direction opposite to that of the inner lever. A frame 199 is provided with suitable screw or bolt holes. for attaching it to the refrigerator and is made to outer end of the outer-lever 198. .Substantially at right angles to the main arm an upper arm 203 extends upward having on the side opposite'to the main arm a projecting arm 204 with an armature on its under side; and also a lower arm 205 extends downward from the pivot 200. Resting on a suitable projection from the frame the projecting arm 204 is an electro-magnet 206, which, when energized, depresses the projecting arm. A. vertical rod 207 passes through annular guides 208 and 209 in the arts of the frame; above u per and lower the guide 209'it is threaded for the longitudinal adjustment of a disk and lock nut 210. A coiled spring 211 en'spirals the rod 207 and abuts at its top against the under" side of the guide 208 and at its bottom against the upper surface of the disk, which determines the thrusting force of the spring according to its longitudinal position. The coiled spring 211 is constructed so as to have a greater thrusting force than the coiled spring 182. The rod 207 is threaded below the lower guide 209 and near its lowest extremity for the longitudinal adjustment of a small disk and locknut 212; and below the disk-and lock nut its lower extremity passes through an eye in the outer extremity of the 'main arm 202 so as to bear upon the outer upper face of the outer lever 198. The longitudinal position 105 -199 and immediately'under the armature of of the rod 207 of the disk and lock nut 210 determines,

when the main arm 202 is depressed, the force of the depression of the outer lever 198 and the consequent force with which the inner lever 192 is elevated and the'valve 188 is' forced to its seat. The longitudinal position of the disk and nut 212 determines, when the main arm 202 is elevated, the lift valve 188.

A'dog 213, having an armature on its upper side, is pivoted at one end at 214 on the frame 199 and has at it's other end a tooth 215, which rests on top of the ;upper arm 203 when the main arm 202 is depiessed and the upper arniis consequently rotated to the left. But when the main arm is elevated, the upper arm is rotated to the right and is engaged andlocked'by the tooth 215. An electro-magnet 216 is supported from above by a suitable projection from the frame 199 and, when energized, it lifts the dog 213 and thus disengages the upper arm 203.

A switch arm 217 is pivoted at 218, with proper insulation. on the frame 199; it has two limit arms 219 and 220 and also a weightarm intermediate between them and ending in a small globular weight 221. Both these limit arms are adapted in turn to be engaged by the lower end of the lower arm 205 as it is moved to the left by the elevation of the main arm 204 and to the right as it is depressed. Contacts 222 and 223 are insulated from each other and from the frame 199. on which they are supported, and are adapted to make contact with the switch 217 when the weight 221 is at the right as shown in Fig. 20. From the point 37 a line 224 passes through points 225 and 226 and the electro-magnet 206 to the contact 222. From the contact 223 a line 227 passes through a point 228 to the point 105.

. From the point 226 a line 229 passes through the electro-magnet 216 and a' point 230 to upper side of the main arm is provided with the contact 156.

In the automatic water valve V a frame 231, which is provided with suitable screw or bolt holes for attaching it to the refrigera-tor, has bolted or otherwise attached to it a valve casing 232, having near its center a vertical valve seat 233 and adapted for a the reception into its ends of parts of the pipe 21. -Adapted to occupy the valve seat 233 is a valve 234, preferably of the gate valve type, having a stem 235 extending up .through a suitable stufling box and gland bolted or otherwise secured to the top of the casing. Pivoted to the frame 231 at 236 is one end of a horizontal lever 237, having its outer end. forked and horizontally slotted for the reception of afpin 238 passed through a head at the upper end of the stem 235 and through the slot in each fork. On the up per side of the lever not farv from the pivot 236 is a projection 239 and beneath'it exand the'consequent lift of thepipe 16. Superimposed upon the lower casing is a flanged upper casing 242 so as to inclose between the two flanges and to hold by bolts or otherwise a, diaphragm 243. This diaphragm is flexible or resilient like that of the valve E, Passing centrally through the upper casing 242, where it is provided with a suitable stufling box and gland, is a stem 244:, passing near its lower end through the center of the diaphragm where it is provided ,with suitable washers on both sides of the diaphragm and a lock hat for distributing the push or pull on the diaphragm and for holding the stem in place; the stem is also forked and horizontally slotted at its topfor the passage of the pin 240. A coiled spring 245 enspirals thestem 2H and abuts at its top against a part of the frame 231 and at its bottom against the upper side of a disk and lock 'nut 246 adapted for longitudinal adjustment on the stem 24%.

A vertical rod 247 is inserted top and bot tom into separate parts of the frame 231 and is enspiraled by a coiled spring 218, stronger than the coiled spring 2 15. The coiled spring 218 abuts at its top against a disk and lock nut 2419 longitudinally adjustable on the rod 247 and at its bottom against a disk 250, free to move up or down on the rod.

Pi-voted to the frame 231 at 251 is a threepartlever 252. Extending longitudinally from the pivot ISMEI, main arm 253 having an eye at its outer extremity through which the rod 247 is inserted so as to bring the disk 250 above the extrenntypf the arm. The parts are so located that a lower face on the main arm near its outer extremity is adapted to rest on top of the' projection 239. The

an armaturel From the pivot 251 a short arm 254 extends horizontally in a direction opposite to that of 'the main arm 253 and an upper arm 255 extendsupward, ending in a sloping face.

Pivoted at 256 to a properly insulated extension of the'frame 231 is aswitch 257, having two limit arms 258 and 259 extending, to the right and adapted to make contact in alternation with the outer end of the short arn'i 254. Extending upward from the pivot 256 in an opposite direction from the switch 257 is a weight arm ending in -a small globular weight 260. Pivoted at 261 on the frame 231 is a two-arm lever 262 having a. right arm 263 with .a tooth at its outer end adapted to engage with the upper arm 255 so as to lock the same or so as to rest on its sloping face when the upper arm is unlocked. Extending horizontally fromrffthepivot 261 in a direction opposite to that of the right arm is a left arm 264, having an" armature on its under side.

Secured to the frame.231 and depending therefrom so-as to be immediately over the armature of the main armis anelectromagnet 265. Resting on a projection of the frame and immediately under the armature of the left arm264 is an electro-magnet 266. Contacts 267 and 268 are insulated from each other and from the frame 231, on which they are supported, and are adapted to make contact with the switch 257 when the weight 260 is at the left as shown" in Fig. 24. From the point 225 a line 2 69 passes through a point 270 to the contact through the electro-magnet 265 to the point 228; From the point 270a line 272 passes" 267. From the contact 268 a line 271 passes througtn the, electro-magnet 266' to the point 230.

The method of operation is as follows: It is assumed that it id desired to' maintain in the refrigerator B some temperature rang.- ing for instance say between 35 and 38 F. The parts of the thermostat T are propor-' tioned and adjusted and a sufficient quantity has been brought near it.

of the mercury 146 is supplied; the fine ad-' justment being made by thebolt 147 and the nut 148, so' that, whenever the temperature in the refrigerator rises nearly-to 38, themercury 146 forces the rod 144 outward far enough so that'thecross piece 145, acting through the arm 161 and the shaft/150,- brings the arm 157 in contact with the contact 155; then when the temperature. rises to 38, the center of the arm 157 passes above the center of the extension 151. J ust' at, this time the centerof gravity of the weight 159 passes to the leftof the center of the shaft 150. Thereupon gravity acts upon the Weight 159 to carry it stillfarther to the left until it is stopped by the .pin 162. As this movement is being made the arm 157 is brought in contact with the contacts 154 and 153 successively and then clears the plate 152 altogether so that it springs into the vertically central position aboive the plate indicated in Figs. 17 and 19 as 157. Incidentally the arm 161 has been carried away from the cross piece 145' and the arm 160 Whenever subsequently the temperature; in the refrigerator falls nearly to 35, the mercury 146.contracts sufficiently so that the spring 166 acting on the collar 165 forces the rod 144 and the cross piece 145 inward far enoughfor the cross piece to engage the arm 160. Then.-

when the temperature falls to 35, the arm '160 has been carried far enough'to the left to bring, through the shaft 150, the center of gravity of the weight 159 to the right of the center of the shaft. Thereupon gravity acts upon the weight to carry it still farther tothe right until it is stopped by the-pin 163.

As this movement is being made arm'jg157 is broughtin contactwith the contactf156 and finally clears the plate 152 altogether so that it springs into the vertically central position below. the plate shown in F igs. 15,

.mostat T is thus complete. Against a condenser pressure ranglngfrom 17 and 19, The cycle of actionof the ther- 150. to 180 lbsJOnlytWelve to fourteen percent. of ammonia in the solution" will be retained in the absorber-stills when their temperatures are raised to 300; Therefore,let

this be chosen as. the limiting temperature; The parts of the thermostat 124? are. pro- I portioned and. adjusted and a suflicien-t quantity of the mercury 125 is supplied, the

fine adjustment being made by the bolt 126 andthe nut 127, so that, whenever the term perature in the absorber-still A -rises say nearly to 3 0, the mercury 125' forces the rod 140 upward farfenough so that the cross piece 141, acting through the arm135.

andthe shaft 129, brin sthe arm 132 near tothe contact 131*; an at the same time the center of gravity of the weight 1341s brought almost over the center .of the shaft 129. Then when the temperature rises say I to 300?, the center of gravity-of the weight 13 4 passes to the left of-th'e, center of the i shaft 129. Thereupon gravity acts upon the'weight 134 to carry it still farther to the left until'it is stopped by the pin 137.

As this movement is being made the .arm

132 is brought in contact with the contact 131: and then clears the contact plate altogether'so that it springs into the vertically central position below the plate indicated in Fig. I4as132 '."Incidentally the arm 135. has been carried away from the cross piece 141 and the arm 136 has been brought near it. Whenever subsequentlythe temperature in the absorber-still falls nearly to 300, the mercury 125 contracts sufficiently so that. the spring 143 acting on the collar 142*" forces the rod 140 and the-cross piece 141 downward far enough for the cross piece to arm 132 passesto the rear of the plate 131 without making any contact and then clears the plate altogether so that it springs into the vertically. central position above the plate shown in' Figs. '11 and 14. The cycle Of action ofthe thermostat 124 is thus com-- plete." The cycleof action of the thermostat 124 is precisely similar.

The range of temperature within which each of the thermostatsacts is determined as 160 and 161. A rough adjustment of the.

by the distance apart of the limit arms, such thermostat, as to its u per or lower temperature limit, can be ma e b changing the posltion of the movable col ar, such as 165, so

as to force the rod 144 inward or outward;

while the fine adjustment is made through the bolt l47and the nut 148. It is obvious that if the volume of the chamber within which the rhercurycan expand isdiminished, the thermostat will act between two higher temperature limits; and if the volume is increased, the two temperature limits are lowered. It is also assumed for the resent that the absorber-stills A and B ave beenproperly supplied with a strong solution of aqua ammonia and that the system has been operated so as to bring it into the condition of cold inaction shown in Figs. 1

and 2 with the temperature in the refrigerator standing at and with a small quantity of anhydrous liquid ammonia in the lower part of the pipe 15. The switch-S is also normally closed'during the entire season the 'plantis in operation. Thevalves 5, 13, 17, 19, 22, 24 and 33 are open; and the valves 6, 14,20 and26 are closed; As the temperature rises toward 38 the arm 157 makes contact with the contact 155. Thereupon a current passes from the point 38 through the line 58, the point 62, the line 167 and the solenoid 115 to the contact 155; and thence through the arm 157, the sprin contact 158, the line 170, thepoint 108 an the line 107 to the point 40 in the return line 39. As the solenoid 115 is energized it lifts its core and the arm 117 and also-the stem 114 and the valve 111. Thereupon the detent 119 engages the tooth of the stem 114 and holds the valve 111 open so that the height of the liquor in the two absorberstills is equalized. With a further slight rise of temperature the arm 157 passes from its contact with the contact 155; but'the valve 111' remains open for the present by reason of the detent 119.

open depends in part on the rapidity with As the arm 157 is swung into contact with the contact 154 a current passes from the point 62 through the line 168 and the electromagnet 116 to the contact 154; and thence throu h the arm 157 back to the return line 39'as before. As the electro-magnet 116 is energized it draws the detent 119 to the right and releases the stem 114. Thereupon the spring 118 acts upon the arm 117 so as to close the valve 111. It is obvious that the length of time that the valve 111 remains which the temperature rises in the refrigeratm and in 157 and of't e contact 155 andon the distance of-this-contact' from the contact 154.

By makingthe contact 155 adjustable on the plate 152 and moving it toward or away trom the contact 154, the length of time that practical equalization.

part on the width of the arm.

,the valve remains open can be diminished or increased. In the alternative construction shown in Fig. 10 the opening of the valve is accomt plished in thesame manner; butithe lengtlf' of its remaining open, after the arm 157 has ceased to be in contact with thecontact 155,

is determined by the regulation of the pet cock 123. 'VVith each kind of device, the

idea is to construct and assemble the parts so that the valve shall'remain open long enough to secure a practical equalization of the height of the liquor in the two absorberstills. \Vithout some such regulation, as the system is operated, there might come to pass a condition where practically all the liquor would be in one absorber-still. On the other hand the equalizing valve should remain open only long enough to secure a For otherwise the liquor in the two receptacles would tend to become of the same stren th-which as will be seen would be prejudicial. To prevent such a result the equalizing pipe 109 is made to connect the bottom'of the absorber-stills, on the principle that the ammonia in the absorber-still containing the strong liquor will rise to the top. \Vith the alternative structure of Fig. 10 the contact 154 and the line 168 would of course be dispensed with.

As the arm 157 swung into contact with the contact 154 a current also passed from the point 61 through the line 63, the solenoid 53, the point 64 to the oint 65 where it united with the current rom the point 62. The consequent energization of the solenoid '53 lifted the core 54 from engagement with the central recess of the sector 49. Practically simultaneously with the contact at 154, the arm 157 makes'contact with the contact 153. Thereupon a current passes from the point 59 through the line 104, the solenoid 95, the point 105, the line 169 to the contact 153; and thence through the arm 157 back to the return line 39.as before. The consequent'energization of the core 96 disengages it from the detent 91. Thereupon the weight 89 falls its full distance to the left and carries with it the pin 84" until the arm 83 makes connection between the contacts 71' and 81. The fall of the weight is limited by the left inner side of the triangle 90 engaging with the pin 86. Simultaneously with the depression 0? the core 96 the cross piece 97 depresses the cross piece 103 into" The conseqgent energization f the solenoid 66 pulls e pin 69 to the 1 ft and rotates the lever 48'into theposi-tionshown in Fig.

3, the core 51, however, being elevated. Consequently the arm 50 makes connection between the contacts 43 and 44*. As the segment gear 51 is rotated to the left it rok tates the half gear wheel 76 until the pin 7 7 carries the quadrant slot 79 to the'e xtreme right. as shown inFig 3. The consequent rotation in the opposite'direc'tion of the pin 80 pulls the rod 87 and the pin 86 to the left.

The pin 86 thereupon pushes to the left the triangle 90 and throws the center of gravity of the weight 89 to therightof the center of the shaft 82. This movement of the 1.5 weight 89 carries the pin 84 a little to the right but not suflicientl'y to break the connection between the contacts 71 and 81; and the movement is stopped by the core 96 en-. gaging the right side ofthedetent 91. With a cessation of current through the solenoid 95, which happens when the arm 157 passes above the contact 153, the springs 94 and 94 lift the core 96 and the cross piece 97 i and thus permit the spring 102 to lift the cross piece 103 from engagement with the stops 99 and 99".; But; this lattr result is deferred for a little while the air is exhausting from the dash pot 98 through the pet cock 100; The length of the engagement '30 between the cross piece 1 03and the stops 99 and 99" and the consequent duration of 'the current through the solenoid 66 can consequently be determined try a proper regulation of the pet cock. With such proper regulation it happens that the arm 157 has passed above" t e contact 154 and' the current through the solenoid 53 has ceased'so as' to permit the springs 55 to de- 'press the core 54 into engagement with the.

left detent of the'se ctor 49 before the current through the solenoid 66* ceases. When the springs 94 and 94" lifted the core 96, the weight 89 was in its extreme position to the left so that the .top of the core engaged I with the triangle 90 to the left of the detent 91. But by reason of the construction of the outside of the triangle, when the rod 87 was pulled to the left, the triangle depressed the core 96 in opposition to the springs 94 and 94 until the core came within the detent :91. Consequently very soon after the upper temperature limit of 38 has been reached, the current through the solenoids 53, 66 and 95 has ceased", but the sector 49 has been locked and'all the adjacent parts are in the position shown in Fig. 3.

With the parts of the shifting device D positioned as there'shown, the heating current is passing from thetpoint 35 through the line 42, the contact 43", the arm 50, the

' contact 44 ,'the line 45' to the heater 4,

and thence to the return line 39 at 41. Also the valve Y is open'for the-passageiof water through thetpipe 29, the channel 73 and the 5 pipes 31? and 32. The action of the heater sorber-still A somethi'n according to the nonmaloperation of the avatar? 4 on the strong liquor, which at the beginning of the heating normally fills the ab more than twothirds full, is to drive 0 v the ammonia gas under high tension through the pipe 7*, the check valve 9, the outlet header 8, the analyzer Z, and the pipes 11 and 12 to the top ofthe condenser 1pc 15. As the pressure of the gas in t e outlet header8 is greater than. that of the gas in the upper part of the absorber-still A", the check valve 9 is kept closed. But as soon as the arm 157 made contact with the contact 153, a current also passed from the point 37 through the" line 224 and the electro-magnet '206.to' the contact 222 and, the switch 217 being positioned as shown in Fig. 20,- through the switch, the contact 223, 'the lines 227 and 169,and the contact 153 back to the return line; 39 at 40 as before. 'The consequent energiz'ation of the electro-magnet rotates. clockwise the several arms ofithe three-part lever2 01. Consequently thetooth 215 'engages and locks the upper arm 203; the main arm 202 lifts the disks'and lock nuts 212and 210 and the rod 207 and thereby compresses the coiled spring 211; and the lower arm 205 engages and thrusts to the left the l'im't arm 219 and brings the weight 221 to'the e'ft of the vertical axis of the .pivot 218; When the weight so. gets past the vertical axis of the'pivot it falls still fai'ther until the limit arm 220 engages the lower arm 205 and the switch 217 1s rotatedso far to the right that the switch is opened a'ndthe current is broken. *This breaking of current does not occur until the tooth 215 has locked the up f r arm 203. The elevation of the rod 20 from oflthe outer lever 198 permits the coiled spring-182 to depress the diaphragm 180 and the bar 187 and to raise the valve 188 from off "its seat 197. The valve is thus open and anhydrous i 7 liquid ammonia is free to pass ,from the pipe .18 through the bore 196, the'valve seat 197, the slot of. the bar 1.87 and the outlet into the expansion coil K, where. it vaporizes, the'quantit of the passing ammoniabeing determine by the adjustment of thedisk'and lock nut 212.- From the expansion coil the vaporized ammonia passes throughthe inlet header 1, the check valve 2 and the pipe 3" into the absorber-still At, which,

system, is about two-thirds full of weak liquor. The pressure being generated by the heater 4, in part passing up the pipe 3, keepsclosed the-check valve 2. I But a p'art'of the ammonia passing through the valve seat 197, as it vaporizes, rises between the'ba'r 187 and the casings 177 and 179 and lmpinges against the diaphragm 180; and when its density 'and tension become sufliciently great it tends to overcome the force of the coiled spring -182, as determined by the position of the collar 183, to lift the diaphragm and bar so as to force the valve 188 to its seat, and thus to check the flow of ammonia. But as the gas in the expansion coil K is being at the same time drawn off by the absorber-still A", the tension of the gas upon the diaphra m tends to diminish so as to permit the cor ed spring to force the valve'downward. These two opposing tendencies continue to regulate the position of the valve so long as the upper arm 203 is locked by the tooth 215.

By this regulation of the flow into the .expansionncoil- K from the valve E, in the interval between its absolute 0 ening and closing, not merely prevents too ense vapor and possibly liquld ammonia wastefully passing over into the, absorber-stills, but it IS also quite essential in maintainingthe desired temperature in the refrigerator B. For to there maintain any given temperature, a temperature a few de rees lower must be malntained in the coilfand for every temperature produced by ammonia evaporation, there is a corresponding density and pressure, duly tabulated. Hence the collar 183 is so adjusted through the wrench section of the screw 186 that the spring 182 will close the valve 188 whenever the ressure of the vapor or gas as indicated y the gage L falls below a: point corresponding to a tem erature the requisite number of degrees be 0w the temperature in the ex ansion coil,'the proper difierence between t e temperature in the coil and in the refrigerator bein a matter of empirical determination according to the temperature to be maintained in the refrigerator. And

at the same time that, on contact of the arm 157 with the contact 153, the current passed from the point37 to the electro-magnet 206, a current divided frdm t e point 225 of t e pivot 256.

past the vertical axis of the pivot it falls still farther until the limit arm 258 en 'ages 1 the short arm 254 and the switch .257 IS roand passed through the line 269 to the contact 267 and, the switch 257 being positioned as shown in Fig. 24, through the switch, the contact268, the line 271, the electromagnet 265, the point 228, the lines 227 and 169, and the contact, 153 back to the return line 39 at 40 as before. The consequent energization of the electro-magnet rotates the several arms of the three-purt lever 252 clockwise in Fig. 1 and contra-clockwise in Fig. 24. Consequently the tooth at the end of the right arm 263 engages and locks the upper arm 255; the mainarm 253 is raised from off the projection 239 and as it raises the free disk 250 it compresses the coiled wei ht 260 to the ri ht of the vertic a axis hen the weight so gets tated so far to the left inFig. 24 that the lower casing 241, as

heater 4" reaches the pre switch is opened and the current is broken. This breaking of curr nt does not occur until the upper arm 255- as been locked. The elevation of the main arm 253 from off the projection 239 permits the lever 237 to be acted upon b s rin 245 stil is operative tending to force tie dlsk and lock. nut 246 downward and consequently to keep depressed the stem 244, the dia hragm 243, the lever 237 the stem 235 an the valve 234. But as high pres sure gas passes through the pipe 16 into the a pens when the absorber-still A has fair y become operative to enerate gas, the high pressure as tends to orce the diaphragm 243 upward. \Vhen the tension of the gas' gets strong enough on thedisk. and lock nut 246 and the weight of the connected parts; and thus it lifts the diaphragm 243, the stem 244,the lever 237, the stem 235 and the valve 234 from off its seat 233 The extentto which the valve can be opened is regulated by the proper adjustment of 'the disk-and lock vnut 246 and is proportionate to the pressure of the gas on the under side bf the diaphragm. lVhen heatis first applied to the absorber-still, the head pressure as indicated by the gage I-P may not rise immediately to any considerable extent. Consequently there is no need of condensing water until the head pressure reaches say 160 lbs. Therefore the coiled spring 245 and the disk and lock nut 246 may be so regulated that the valve will not open until some such ressure is indicated. And as the pressure increases, it propor tionately overcomes the increasing resistance of the coiled spring 245 and thus opens the valve still more according to the changing requirements. WVater is now flowing through the )ipe 21, the valve W, the pipe 23,-the

C0!l( enser C, the pipe 27, the rectifier R and,

'the lower end of'the pipe 15 and the water overflowing into the rectifier removes a part of the heat of the gas before itreaches the condenser. The valve 33 is used to regnlatc the proportion of water for the absorberstills and the valve 22 re ulates the total maximumflow. The checc valve 25 prevents an emptying. of the condenser when the system is standing still.

When the temperature roduced by the determined limit say of 306 and the arm 132 makes contact with the contact 131, acurrent passes from the point 61 through the line 63, the solenoid 53, the .line 17 the spring contact 133, the arm 132, th contact 131*, andthe 'it overcomes the thrust of the spring 245 

